As a basic medical science physiology deals with how the living systems work from cellular level to organ systems, even to whole organism, as integrating knowledge of anatomy, biochemistry, biophysics and biological sciences. Besides the normal functioning of systems, it is also interested in body state in response to a particular pathology, physical activity, and environmental factors. The Department of Physiology is established in September 1999. The first Master's degree student started her education in September 2000 and the first Doctoral student started his education in September 2002. It offers courses and programs for students enrolled in medical and medicine-related faculties, and graduate programs are also present. As of 2025, there are 3 professors, 1 assistant professor and 3 research assistants working in the Department. Faculty members of the department maintain active research programs covering a wide range of topics with emphasis on energy expenditure measurements, physical activity tests, walking analysis, galvanic skin response measurements, anxiety and behavioral models, learning and memory tests, cognitive neuropsychological tests, electroencephalography and event related brain potentials recordings in 3 basic research laboratories. In addition to the Faculty of Medicine, undergraduate courses are offered at the Faculty of Dentistry, Faculty of Education, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, and postgraduate courses and practices in the Master's and Doctorate Programs are offered at the Health Sciences Institute. As of 2025, a total of 14 Master's, 6 Doctorate and 1 Medical Specialization students have been graduated.